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      RPC系列五之Thrift入门
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        <h2 id="u7B80_u4ECB"><a href="#u7B80_u4ECB" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h2><p>　　Thrift是一个软件框架，用来进行可扩展且跨语言的服务的开发。它结合了功能强大的软件堆栈和代码生成引擎，以构建在 C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, JavaScript, Node.js, Smalltalk, and OCaml 等编程语言间无缝结合的、高效的服务。Thrift最初由facebook开发，07年四月开放源码，08年5月进入apache孵化器。它允许你在一个简单的文件中定义数据类型和服务接口。以该文件作为输入文件，编译器生成代码用来方便地生成RPC客户端和服务器通信的无缝跨编程语言。</p>
<h2 id="thrift_u6587_u4EF6"><a href="#thrift_u6587_u4EF6" class="headerlink" title="thrift文件"></a>thrift文件</h2><p>　　thrift文件支持的数据类型包括基本类型、结构体类型、异常类型和服务类型。同时它允许thrift文件包含，用户需要使用thrift文件名作为前缀访问被包含的对象，详见后面的实例<br>　　基本类型：<br>　　　　bool：布尔值，true 或 false，对应 Java 的 boolean<br>　　　　byte：8 位有符号整数，对应 Java 的 byte<br>　　　　i16：16 位有符号整数，对应 Java 的 short<br>　　　　i32：32 位有符号整数，对应 Java 的 int<br>　　　　i64：64 位有符号整数，对应 Java 的 long<br>　　　　double：64 位浮点数，对应 Java 的 double<br>　　　　string：utf-8编码的字符串，对应 Java 的 String<br>　　结构体类型：<br>　　　　struct：定义公共的对象，类似于 C 语言中的结构体定义，在 Java 中是一个 JavaBean<br>　　容器类型：<br>　　　　list：对应 Java 的 ArrayList<br>　　　　set：对应 Java 的 HashSet<br>　　　　map：对应 Java 的 HashMap<br>　　异常类型：<br>　　　　exception：对应 Java 的 Exception<br>　　服务类型：<br>　　　　service：对应服务的类，Service支持继承，一个service可使用extends关键字继承另一个service<br>　　在thrift中，每个类型又都对应一个数字，映射关系保存在类中。序列化时，直接序列化类型对应的数字，后面再详细介绍<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> org.apache.thrift.protocol</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">TType</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> STOP   = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> VOID   = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> BOOL   = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> BYTE   = <span class="number">3</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> DOUBLE = <span class="number">4</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> I16    = <span class="number">6</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> I32    = <span class="number">8</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> I64    = <span class="number">10</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> STRING = <span class="number">11</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> STRUCT = <span class="number">12</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> MAP    = <span class="number">13</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> SET    = <span class="number">14</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> LIST   = <span class="number">15</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span> ENUM   = <span class="number">16</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="u793A_u4F8B"><a href="#u793A_u4F8B" class="headerlink" title="示例"></a>示例</h2><p>　　下面将采用maven + thrift模式进行开发。thrift定义文件转java代码则是通过maven插件org.apache.thrift.tools:thrift-maven-plugin插件完成的，插件地址为：<a href="https://github.com/dtrott/maven-thrift-plugin。" target="_blank" rel="external">https://github.com/dtrott/maven-thrift-plugin。</a><br>　　首先新建一个maven项目，在pom.xml中加入如下配置。注意这里thrift采用的是0.9.3的版本，此时代码生成工具也必须为thrift-0.9.3.exe，两者必须匹配。thrift-0.9.3.exe已放置在项目的根目录下，文章最后会附有下载地址。<br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">dependencies</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.apache.thrift<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>libthrift<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span>0.9.3<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.slf4j<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>slf4j-log4j12<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span>1.5.8<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">dependencies</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">build</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">plugins</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">plugin</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.apache.maven.plugins<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>maven-compiler-plugin<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span>3.1<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">source</span>&gt;</span>1.7<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">source</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">target</span>&gt;</span>1.7<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">target</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">encoding</span>&gt;</span>UTF-8<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">encoding</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">plugin</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">plugin</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.apache.maven.plugins<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>maven-resources-plugin<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span>2.7<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">encoding</span>&gt;</span>UTF-8<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">encoding</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">plugin</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">plugin</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.apache.thrift.tools<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>thrift-maven-plugin<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span>0.1.13-SNAPSHOT<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">&lt;!--thrift生成的java源码目录--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">outputDirectory</span>&gt;</span>src/main/gen-java<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">outputDirectory</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">thriftExecutable</span>&gt;</span>thrift-0.9.3.exe<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">thriftExecutable</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">&lt;!-- thrift 定义文件在thrift目录下--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">thriftSourceRoot</span>&gt;</span>thrift<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">thriftSourceRoot</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">plugin</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">&lt;!-- 扩展源代码和资源文件目录 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">plugin</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.codehaus.mojo<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>build-helper-maven-plugin<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span>1.7<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">executions</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">execution</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">id</span>&gt;</span>add-source<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">id</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">phase</span>&gt;</span>generate-sources<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">phase</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">goals</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">goal</span>&gt;</span>add-source<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">goal</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">goals</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">sources</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="comment">&lt;!-- 我们可以通过在这里添加多个source节点，来添加任意多个源文件夹 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="title">source</span>&gt;</span>src/main/gen-java<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">source</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">sources</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">execution</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">&lt;!--&lt;execution&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                    &lt;id&gt;add-resource&lt;/id&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                    &lt;phase&gt;generate-resources&lt;/phase&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                    &lt;goals&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                        &lt;goal&gt;add-resource&lt;/goal&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                    &lt;/goals&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                    &lt;configuration&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                        &lt;resources&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                            &amp;lt;!&amp;ndash; 我们可以通过在这里添加多个resource节点 &amp;ndash;&amp;gt;</span><br><span class="line">                            &lt;resource&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                                &lt;directory&gt;$&#123;basedir&#125;/src/multimodule/resources&lt;/directory&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                            &lt;/resource&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                        &lt;/resources&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                    &lt;/configuration&gt;</span><br><span class="line">                &lt;/execution&gt;--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">executions</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">plugin</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">plugins</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="title">build</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>　　接着，我们定义三个thrift文件，分别为demoModel.thrift、demoService.thrift和demoService2.thrift。demoModel.thrift定义了一个User，另外两个Service，分别定义了HelloWorldService、HelloWorldService2，主要是为了演示Thrift对多接口服务的支持。<br><figure class="highlight thrift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">============demoModel.thrift=======</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">namespace</span> java com.shc.thrift.demo.model</span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">User</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="number">1</span>: <span class="keyword">required</span> <span class="built_in">i32</span> type</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="number">2</span>: <span class="keyword">optional</span> <span class="built_in">string</span> name</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">============demoService.thrift=======</span><br><span class="line">include <span class="string">"demoModel.thrift"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">namespace</span> java com.shc.thrift.demo.<span class="keyword">service</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">service</span>  <span class="title">HelloWorldService</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  demoModel.User sayHello(<span class="number">1</span>:demoModel.User user)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">============demoService2.thrift=======</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">namespace</span> java com.shc.thrift.demo.<span class="keyword">service</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">service</span>  <span class="title">HelloWorldService2</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">string</span> sayHello(<span class="number">1</span>:<span class="built_in">string</span> name)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>　　执行thrift的maven插件，则可生成代码，这里不再做详述。下面我们实现上面定义的两个接口，实现类如下：<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">HelloWorldImpl</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">HelloWorldService</span>.<span class="title">Iface</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="annotation">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> User <span class="title">sayHello</span><span class="params">(User user)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> TException </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        user.setName(<span class="string">"新名称"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> user;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">HelloWorldImpl2</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">HelloWorldService2</span>.<span class="title">Iface</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="annotation">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">sayHello</span><span class="params">(String name)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> TException </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"hello "</span> + name;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>　　最后我们分别实现Server端和Client端代码，如下<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br><span class="line">105</span><br><span class="line">106</span><br><span class="line">107</span><br><span class="line">108</span><br><span class="line">109</span><br><span class="line">110</span><br><span class="line">111</span><br><span class="line">112</span><br><span class="line">113</span><br><span class="line">114</span><br><span class="line">115</span><br><span class="line">116</span><br><span class="line">117</span><br><span class="line">118</span><br><span class="line">119</span><br><span class="line">120</span><br><span class="line">121</span><br><span class="line">122</span><br><span class="line">123</span><br><span class="line">124</span><br><span class="line">125</span><br><span class="line">126</span><br><span class="line">127</span><br><span class="line">128</span><br><span class="line">129</span><br><span class="line">130</span><br><span class="line">131</span><br><span class="line">132</span><br><span class="line">133</span><br><span class="line">134</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//服务端代码</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">HelloServerDemo</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloServerDemo.class);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> SERVER_PORT = <span class="number">8090</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">startSingleServer</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ...."</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            TProcessor tprocessor = <span class="keyword">new</span> HelloWorldService.Processor&lt;HelloWorldService.Iface&gt;(<span class="keyword">new</span> HelloWorldImpl());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 简单的单线程服务模型，一般用于测试</span></span><br><span class="line">            TServerSocket serverTransport = <span class="keyword">new</span> TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);</span><br><span class="line">            TServer.Args tArgs = <span class="keyword">new</span> TServer.Args(serverTransport);</span><br><span class="line">            tArgs.processor(tprocessor);</span><br><span class="line">            tArgs.protocolFactory(<span class="keyword">new</span> TBinaryProtocol.Factory());</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// tArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// tArgs.protocolFactory(new TJSONProtocol.Factory());</span></span><br><span class="line">            TServer server = <span class="keyword">new</span> TSimpleServer(tArgs);</span><br><span class="line">            server.serve();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"Server start error!!!"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">startMultiServer</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ...."</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            TMultiplexedProcessor processor = <span class="keyword">new</span> TMultiplexedProcessor();</span><br><span class="line">            processor.registerProcessor(<span class="string">"HelloWorldService"</span>, <span class="keyword">new</span> HelloWorldService.Processor&lt;HelloWorldService.Iface&gt;(<span class="keyword">new</span> HelloWorldImpl()));</span><br><span class="line">            processor.registerProcessor(<span class="string">"HelloWorldService2"</span>, <span class="keyword">new</span> HelloWorldService2.Processor&lt;HelloWorldService2.Iface&gt;(<span class="keyword">new</span> HelloWorldImpl2()));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 简单的单线程服务模型，一般用于测试</span></span><br><span class="line">            TServerSocket serverTransport = <span class="keyword">new</span> TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);</span><br><span class="line">            TServer.Args tArgs = <span class="keyword">new</span> TServer.Args(serverTransport);</span><br><span class="line">            tArgs.processor(processor);</span><br><span class="line">            tArgs.protocolFactory(<span class="keyword">new</span> TBinaryProtocol.Factory());</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// tArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// tArgs.protocolFactory(new TJSONProtocol.Factory());</span></span><br><span class="line">            TServer server = <span class="keyword">new</span> TSimpleServer(tArgs);</span><br><span class="line">            server.serve();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"Server start error!!!"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        HelloServerDemo server = <span class="keyword">new</span> HelloServerDemo();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//server.startSingleServer();</span></span><br><span class="line">        server.startMultiServer();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//客户端代码</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">HelloClientDemo</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> String SERVER_IP = <span class="string">"localhost"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> SERVER_PORT = <span class="number">8090</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> TIMEOUT = <span class="number">30000</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">startClient</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        TTransport transport = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            transport = <span class="keyword">new</span> TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 协议要和服务端一致</span></span><br><span class="line">            TProtocol protocol = <span class="keyword">new</span> TBinaryProtocol(transport);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// TProtocol protocol = new TJSONProtocol(transport);</span></span><br><span class="line">            HelloWorldService.Client client = <span class="keyword">new</span> HelloWorldService.Client(protocol);</span><br><span class="line">            transport.open();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            User user = <span class="keyword">new</span> User();</span><br><span class="line">            user.setName(<span class="string">"旧名称"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            user.setType(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">/*for(int i=0; i&lt;Integer.MAX_VALUE; i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                user = client.sayHello(user);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;*/</span></span><br><span class="line">            user = client.sayHello(user);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"Thrify client result =:  "</span> + user.getName());</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (TTransportException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (TException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="keyword">null</span> != transport) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                transport.close();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">startMultiClient</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        TTransport transport = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            transport = <span class="keyword">new</span> TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT);</span><br><span class="line">            TProtocol protocol = <span class="keyword">new</span> TBinaryProtocol(transport);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            TMultiplexedProtocol mp1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> TMultiplexedProtocol(protocol, <span class="string">"HelloWorldService"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            HelloWorldService.Client service1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> HelloWorldService.Client(mp1);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            TMultiplexedProtocol mp2 = <span class="keyword">new</span> TMultiplexedProtocol(protocol, <span class="string">"HelloWorldService2"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            HelloWorldService2.Client service2 = <span class="keyword">new</span> HelloWorldService2.Client(mp2);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            transport.open();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            User user = <span class="keyword">new</span> User();</span><br><span class="line">            user.setType(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            user.setName(<span class="string">"老用户"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            user = service1.sayHello(user);</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"Thrify client result =:  "</span> + user.getName());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(service2.sayHello(<span class="string">"张三"</span>));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (TTransportException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (TException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="keyword">null</span> != transport) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                transport.close();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        HelloClientDemo client = <span class="keyword">new</span> HelloClientDemo();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//client.startClient();</span></span><br><span class="line">        client.startMultiClient();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>　　运行代码我们即可看到预计的结果。我们可以看到，<strong>thrift除了提供交换数据的序列化/反序列化的能力外，还提供了多语言间RPC服务的框架</strong>。这点与很多流行的序列化/反序列化框架（如protocol buffer）不同。</p>
<h2 id="Transport"><a href="#Transport" class="headerlink" title="Transport"></a>Transport</h2><p>　　Transport层，顾名思义即数据传输层，它提供了一个简单的网络读写抽象。这使得thrift底层的transport从系统其它部分（如：序列化/反序列化）解耦。</p>
<h2 id="Protocol"><a href="#Protocol" class="headerlink" title="Protocol"></a>Protocol</h2><p>　　Protocol层，顾名思义即数据协议层，它定义了一种将内存中数据结构映射成可传输格式的机制。因此，Protocol的实现要给出编码机制并负责对数据进行序列化。目前thrift提供的协议主要有：TBinaryProtocol(二进制格式)、TCompactProtocol(压缩格式)、TJSONProtocol(JSON格式)和TSimpleJSONProtocol(提供JSON只写协议)等协议。</p>
<h2 id="Processor"><a href="#Processor" class="headerlink" title="Processor"></a>Processor</h2><p>　　Processor层，即处理层，它封装了从输入数据流中读数据和向输出数据流中写数据的操作，读写数据流用Protocol对象表示。上面的代码中主要体现在服务端的使用</p>
<h2 id="Server"><a href="#Server" class="headerlink" title="Server"></a>Server</h2><p>　　Server将以上所有特性集成在一起：<br>　　1. 创建一个transport对象<br>　　2. 为transport对象创建输入输出protocol<br>　　3. 基于输入输出protocol创建processor<br>　　4. 等待连接请求并将之交给processor处理</p>
<h2 id="u603B_u7ED3"><a href="#u603B_u7ED3" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h2><p>　　可以看到，采用thrift时服务端编码基本步骤为：<br>　　1. 实现服务处理接口impl<br>　　2. 创建TProcessor<br>　　3. 创建TServerTransport<br>　　4. 创建TProtocol<br>　　5. 创建TServer<br>　　6. 启动Server<br>　　客户端编码基本步骤：<br>　　1. 创建Transport<br>　　2. 创建TProtocol<br>　　3. 基于TTransport和TProtocol创建 Client<br>　　4. 调用Client的相应方法<br>　　下一篇文章我们将深入分析thrift的源码，分析其实现机制和原理。 示例代码下载：<a href="/code/thrift-demo.rar">thrift-demo.rar</a>，thrift的maven插件：<a href="/code/maven-thrift-plugin.rar">maven-thrift-plugin.rar</a></p>
<h2 id="u53C2_u8003_u8D44_u6599"><a href="#u53C2_u8003_u8D44_u6599" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h2><p><a href="http://dongxicheng.org/search-engine/thrift-guide/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://dongxicheng.org/search-engine/thrift-guide/</a></p>

      
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